Subclass 190 vs 491: permanent and provisional pathways compared
Subclass 190 and 491 can both use state or territory nomination, but they are not interchangeable. The 190 grants permanent status if approved. The 491 is a provisional regional visa with 15 points and a separate possible pathway to permanent residence.
Key points
- 190 is permanent; 491 is provisional for five years.
- Current nomination points are 5 for 190 and 15 for 491.
- 491 holders must live, work and study in designated regional areas; this is not a standard 190 visa condition.
- Jurisdictions can use different occupation and selection criteria for the two programs.
Comparison table
| Factor | Subclass 190 | Subclass 491 |
|---|---|---|
| Status at grant | Permanent | Provisional, five years |
| Support | State or territory nomination | State or territory nomination, or eligible-relative sponsorship |
| Points | 5 | 15 |
| Location | No 491 designated-area condition | Live, work and study in a designated regional area |
| Later PR step | None for visa status | Separate 191 application if eligible |
Why the extra 491 points are not free points
The 15-point category reflects a different visa design. A 491 applicant needs a valid nomination or eligible-relative sponsorship and must accept regional conditions. The later 191 pathway requires another application and evidence. Compare the full pathway rather than choosing the largest score bonus.
Nomination eligibility can differ
A state may invite one occupation for 491 but not 190, or use different residence, employment and experience settings. Check the jurisdiction's current page for the exact applicant category. An allocation number is not a personal nomination quota and does not predict selection.
Regional practicality checklist
- Verify the home, workplace and study locations against current designated postcodes.
- Consider employment access for the main applicant and partner.
- Check schooling, health care, transport and family support needs.
- Understand the conditions stated on the actual visa grant.
- Plan to retain ATO notices and condition-compliance records for a possible 191 application.
How to compare responsibly
First test federal and jurisdiction eligibility for each option. Then compare permanent versus provisional status, regional feasibility, nomination evidence, cost and timing. Read the full 190 requirements, 491 requirements and 491 to 191 pathway before making plans.
Official sources to check before acting
These pages control over any summary on this website. Recheck them when you submit an EOI, accept a nomination or lodge a visa application.
Important Notice: The content on this page is for general information only. Australian visa policies and requirements are subject to change at any time. Always refer to the official Department of Home Affairs website for the most current and accurate information.